Nigerians have expressed mixed feelings over a proposal by the House of Representatives to create 31 new states. While supporters believe it would enhance development across the country, critics argue that new states may be financially unsustainable, adding to the country’s fiscal burden due to the bureaucratic structures that would follow.
Concerns over the viability of new states are valid, given Nigeria’s past experiences. While state creation can drive development, this is only possible if political leaders adopt a more prudent approach to governance and spending. However, with no clear signs of fiscal discipline among politicians, a more practical solution would be to empower existing states to maximize their resources. By fully utilizing their human and material potential, alongside the 774 local governments and regional development commissions, states can achieve balanced development without the need for additional administrative divisions. The constitutional framework already allows states to operate a federal system that benefits all regions—if only governors are willing to take on the challenge.
Despite this, demands for new states will persist as long as development remains concentrated in select areas. Many state governments prioritize their capitals and hometowns, leaving other regions underdeveloped. The 1999 Constitution permits the creation of new states, provided the outlined procedures are followed, which continues to fuel agitation from marginalized groups.
However, at a time of economic hardship and rising living costs, prioritizing state creation appears impractical and distracts from more pressing national issues. Many existing states struggle to generate internal revenue and remain dependent on federal allocations, which are insufficient to meet their needs. There is little evidence to suggest that the proposed states would fare any better.
Furthermore, the constitutional process for creating new states is lengthy and resource-intensive, making it unlikely that the 10th National Assembly can complete it before its tenure ends. With the 2027 elections approaching, lawmakers may shift focus to political survival, leaving the state creation process unfinished—potentially wasting time and public funds.
The House of Representatives Committee on Constitutional Amendment has already rejected all 31 proposals due to non-compliance with constitutional requirements. Deputy Speaker Benjamin Kalu confirmed that while requests for new states are being received until March 5, 2025, none have met the necessary criteria so far.
The process of creating new states is complex. According to Section 8 of the Constitution, a proposal must secure approval from two-thirds of the National Assembly and state legislatures of the affected areas. A referendum must then be held, with at least two-thirds of the local population voting in favor. This must also be ratified by a majority of states in the Federation and their respective Houses of Assembly before an Act of the National Assembly is passed to formalize the new state. Given these stringent requirements, lawmakers must be fully prepared before embarking on such an endeavor.
Nigeria’s history of state creation dates back to 1967 when General Yakubu Gowon’s administration replaced the regional structure with 12 states. Subsequent military governments continued the process, often without regard for equity, leaving some communities feeling marginalized. While the country now has 36 states, the demand for more continues. The 2014 National Conference even recommended increasing the number to 54.
However, state creation is not necessarily the solution to Nigeria’s governance challenges. The inefficiency of the current system fuels these demands, as many citizens feel neglected by the existing structure. While people have the right to self-determination, Nigeria cannot afford to establish 31 additional states at this time. The country’s bureaucracy is already bloated, leading to excessive government spending and corruption. In many cases, the push for new states is driven by political elites seeking personal benefits rather than genuine development. Experience has shown that merely increasing the number of states does not guarantee progress.
Instead, the government should focus on utilizing newly established development commissions across geopolitical zones to drive growth. Proper funding and oversight are crucial, particularly for agencies like the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), which has been plagued by corruption. If managed effectively, these commissions can deliver critical infrastructure and economic opportunities to underserved regions.
Moreover, states should take advantage of the financial autonomy granted to local governments, transforming the 774 local councils into development hubs. If local governments function optimally, they could serve as mini-states, reducing the need for further state creation. While the idea of new states may seem appealing, sustainable development ultimately depends on political leaders demonstrating fiscal responsibility and prioritizing efficient governance. If existing states and local governments operate effectively, there will be less pressure for new administrative divisions.
